Understanding the P-Value

The p-value is the probability of observing a sample statistic as extreme as, or more extreme than, your observed result—assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Distribution of Sample Means (assuming H₀ is true)
Standard Error (SE) 0.00 σ / √n
Test Statistic (Z-Score) 0.00 Distance from μ₀ in SEs
P-Value 0.0000 Shaded area under the curve